I am practically evangelical when it comes to having a budget. When I was in college, I had a lot of credit cards. Unfortunately, like a lot of people, I used them to survive, not to make extravagant purchases. After four years, I had a little over $13,000 in credit card debt with no possibility for things to get better. I went straight to law school after graduation. During the summer after my first year, I worked in a public interest job and for the first time, I began to be late with payments. Without a budget, things would have been worse.
After that brush with being in the red, I decided to become even more strict with my budget. I graduated from law school without any credit card debt, but with tons of student loans. Intellectually, I understand that there is good debt and bad debt. Student loans are considered good debt, but when you are paying over $1,000 each month to satisfy minimum payments, there is nothing good about it.
I also live in a major college town on the east coast. Cambridge may be cheaper than NYC, but not by much. If you want your very own apartment, i.e. without roommates, it is going to cost you. If you want to be near public transportation, then be prepared to part with (a lot) over $1000. For all you folks in the Midwest, you are lucky in so many ways. I know that some people expect to pay that much for a mortgage, not the privilege of renting a dumpy unrenovated space.
Also, working full time as a high paid attorney in a big law firm only made the situation seem worse. Shouldn't I have something to show for all the hard work that I am doing? How do other people who earn less survive? How did I survive when I was a student? (Oh yeah, I didn't have student loans. Never mind.) I know so many people who earn 6 figure salaries who have little to show for it.
Now I know what some of you are thinking. "Oh, you poor thing. Not. You are lucky. At least, you can earn money. Who told you to get into so much debt or to live there. You could have gone to a state school or moved." All true. I only mention all these facts to say that regardless of what your situation is, the average American is not doing well financially regardless of earning power. When you are not doing well financially, you feel wretched. It stops you from accomplishing goals and having as much fun as you would like because you feel like you should be putting more energy into fixing your financial life, but how can you fix your financial life without having a plan?
Fortunately, there are many ways to improve your financial health, and I count myself as blessed to have discovered ways to change the way that I live before I changed my job and became a poor government attorney. I never took expensive trips or bought fancy cars, but the nature of life on the East Coast can be pricey. Here are some tips on how I was able to make things manageable.
1. For a month, every day, have a little note book and write in it every penny that you spend, including what you spent it on.
2. At the end of the month, add up what you spent and place it in categories to determine how much you spent in each category that month. I use the following categories: housing expenses (rent or mortgage, electric bills, condo fees), groceries, transportation (cab fares or train passes), insurance, debts, entertainment (eating out, movie tickets, books, video rentals, etc.), clothes, medical (prescriptions, co-pays, vitamins) and miscellaneous.
3. Look at the totals and determine whether or not you are spending too much in a certain category or if you are spending more than you earn. I always found this step to be difficult, but last year, I found out about a
budget guide that allows the user to put in his or her income. The budget guide shows how much should be spent in each category. The housing percentage is unrealistic for anyone in the Northeast, but I tweaked the percentages to accommodate my lifestyle. For example, I was relieved to discover that before last year (even though it dees not seem possible), I was spending too little on food.
4. Continue to use the little note book to record your expenses.
5. At the end of each month, determine total income and total expenses according to category. Then you can figure out what areas you need to rein in. My temptation is entertainment.
6. List all your debts according to interest rate, from highest to lowest and from the lowest amount to the highest amount, then plan which loan you will try to pay off first by sending in extra payments. Some people like to pay the smallest one first, regardless of the interest rate. Others like to pay the one with the highest interest rate.
I vary my strategy because I have several variable interest rate loans. Some deluded soul in Washington thinks that our economy is doing well and keeps raising the interest rate on my variable interest rate loans until one of my loan's interest rate actually surpassed my mortgage's interest rate. In addition, three of my four variable interest rate loans would survive if I died, and I have to think about what my mother will inherit if something happens to me. This year, I decided to attempt to pay off the highest variable interest rate loan that would survive if I died.
7. A budget should include a savings plan. Everyone should have an emergency fund. Ask yourself how much you would need to survive without working for 1 month to a year. Unemployment is in the air, and anyone can get sick.
8. Take advantage of all the retirement saving options that are available to you such as deferred compensation plans, 401(k) and IRAs. Even if you cannot save the maximum amount allotted to you, do something because it is about the amount of time that your money has to work for you, not the maximum amount of money you have to put in the account--although that cannot hurt.
9. If you can, buy your own place. Rent always goes up, and I know so many elderly people in Cambridge who have lived here for a couple of generations and can no longer afford it. They thought that it would be too hard to buy something and too inconvenient to fix things, or they kept waiting to purchase property until they could afford it.
If you live in the Northeast, there is not suddenly going to be more land. We are reaching maximum capacity, and if you can't afford it now, then you won't be able to afford it as you encounter the financial challenges of caring for a family. Plus the hardest part is buying the place. Afterwards, you are paying yourself each month and do not have to deal with the stress of negotiating with a crazy landlord. If you face unexpected expenses, see no. 8.
If you need more help in managing your finances or need a crash course in understanding financial terminology, either check out
Crown Ministry in your neighborhood or read one of the following books:
Time Is Money: A Million Dollar Investment Plan for Today's Twenty- and Thirty-Somethings by Frances Leonard or
Smart Women Finish Rich: 7 Steps to Achieving Financial Security and Funding Your Dreams by David Bach.